Islamic Relief: The Added Value of Faith Actors in Localisation: Opportunities and Barriers in Humanitarian Action

July 2024

Are faith actors the missing link in effective localisation efforts? 

The study commissioned by Islamic Relief Worldwide explores and analyses the unique contributions and challenges faced by faith actors (FAs) in humanitarian settings across Afghanistan, Pakistan, Ethiopia, Kenya, Palestine, and Mozambique.

Our findings reveal that contrary to common misconceptions, most faith actors are non-missionary, and their values align closely with humanitarian principles. They play a crucial role in providing mental health and psychosocial support, particularly in crisis situations, where they foster community solidarity and resilience. However, despite their potential, faith actors often face significant barriers, such as limited funding, structural challenges, and cultural misunderstandings that prevent their full engagement.

What the Report offers?

  • Beyond data and analysis, the report:

  • Debunks pervasive myths about faith actors 

  • Highlights the common values shared between faith and secular actors, promoting a more unified approach to humanitarian action. 

  • Through case studies, stories, and voices from the field, it brings to life the impactful work of faith actors in diverse contexts. 

  • Moreover, it provides concrete recommendations for both local actors and humanitarian organisations on overcoming challenges and integrating faith actors into the localising agenda.

Read the executive summary here and the full report here.

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HBS & RELON: Policy Brief: Strengthening Gender-Sensitive Responsiveness among RLOs in Kenya and Uganda

June 2024

Refugee-led organisations (RLOs) are essential in bridging the gap between refugees and broader communities, facilitating services and advocating for refugee rights. Despite their crucial role, RLOs are often sidelined in decision-making processes. This policy brief aims to address these challenges by providing recommendations for donors and stakeholders.

 This brief results from a workshop held in Nairobi, supported by Heinrich Böll Stiftung (HBS) - Africa Migration Hub, Samuel Hall, RELON Kenya, and RELON Uganda and calls for the following policy recommendations

  1. Inclusive Decision-Making: Ensure RLOs have representation in all relevant decision-making bodies to influence policies directly affecting refugees.

  2. Financial Empowerment: Promote direct and sustainable funding approaches for RLOs to enhance their financial inclusion and long-term impact.

  3. Gender Transformative Agenda: Support RLOs in developing and implementing gender strategies to ensure gender inclusivity within their activities.

  4. Digital Advocacy: Enhance RLOs’ capacity to use digital media for advocacy, communication, and storytelling through additional training and resources.

Read full brief here.

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HABITABLE: Rethinking habitability from ordinary experience in Kenya

May 2024

The consequences of climate change are particularly pronounced in Kenya, where 80% of the land is arid or semi-arid. Most stakeholders understand the short-and long-term risks for communities.

What critical and constructive perspective can the concept of habitability offer in this context? Based on fieldwork carried out in Kenya for the HABITABLE consortium, the aim of this article is to refine the contextual, in situ definition of habitability, using exclusively qualitative data, supplemented by video-mapping exercises.

Secondly, this paper tests the hypothesis of tipping points, understood as triggers for individual or collective decision-making. Finally, in the last part of our analysis, we propose rethinking socio-ecological systems in a dynamic way and conceiving habitability as both a common good in the making and a critical issue for the men and women living in Baringo, Makueni, and Eastleigh.

Rather than proposing a positivist view of habitability, this article suggests linking habitability more closely to the daily practices, habits, solidarities, and resistances that shape the ordinary lives of community residents and displaced persons.

Read full article here

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ADSP: Solutions for Afghan nationals ordered to return from Pakistan

May 2024

Since 2022, Samuel Hall, has been working with Asia Displacement Solutions Platform (ADSP) to create a space for research and advocacy on durable solutions, building on existing data. The Asia Displacement Solutions Platform (ADSP) is a joint initiative of the Danish Refugee Council (DRC), the International Rescue Committee (IRC), and the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) which works to contribute to the development of comprehensive solutions for displaced populations in Asia. The aim of this series of briefs is to focus on the sub-regional protection needs of Afghan refugees, inform and raise awareness on the specific needs of demographic groups.

This Briefing Note focuses on the state of returns of Afghan nationals from Pakistan in the last quarter of 2023. It presents data collected from a mission in Afghanistan, to Torkham and Jalalabad, in November 2023, protection monitoring data collected by DRC and the Protection Cluster, and additional data from organisations working closely on the issue.

Read full Briefing note here.

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Planning for Inclusive Urban Solutions in Afghanistan - From the Protracted Displacement in an Urban World Consortium

May 2024

Afghanistan hosts over 3.2 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) and over 17 million returnees, with half a million Afghan nationals repatriated from Pakistan in late 2023 alone. This reality calls for new investments in inclusive urban solutions.

Our research in Afghanistan through the Protracted Displacement in an Urban World (PDUW) project led by the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED)  from 2020 to 2023 focuses on long-term displacement experiences in urban areas and settlements - with the aim to build a robust evidence base to engage in a conversation with local actors and advocate for inclusive urban solutions through participatory forum planning processes.

This two-pager outlines the specifics of the research conducted in Afghanistan spanning from 2020 to 2024. The project comprised 889 initial surveys that informed 5 participatory forums engaging diverse stakeholders. The findings, based on three interrelated themes; wellbeing, livelihoods (with a particular focus on women), and urban city planning, provide invaluable insights into the overlooked dynamics of protracted displacement.

For a deeper understanding of the project's outcomes, please refer to the 2-pager and the attached outputs.

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PACES: Decisions to stay and migrate in Algeria, Ethiopia and Nigeria, Scoping studies for the PACES project

April 2024

Knowledge and understanding of people's decision to migrate is critical for policymakers' ability to develop migration policies.

The EU-funded PACES project – Making migration and migration policy decisions amidst societal transformations focuses on two parallel research components: the factors shaping migration decisionmaking and the mechanisms supporting migration policies. The project will combine theoretical and empirical knowledge from several academic disciplines and methodological paradigms to systematically investigate the interactions between migration decisions, policies, and broader social transformation.

PACES draws on data collected in Algeria, Ethiopia, Italy, Libya, Nigeria, Slovakia, and Spain to elaborate a heuristic model that identifies different constellations of conditions that influence decisions to stay and migrate at various stages of individual life trajectories and migrant journeys. This report presents three scoping studies carried out to examine and select the six research locations (secondary cities) in Algeria, Ethiopia and Nigeria.

Within this component, we explore how people’s decisions to stay and migrate are influenced by societal changes, individual life experiences and migration policies over time and as people move across different locations. We pay particular attention to the role of people's perceptions of their social and personal situation, as well as their values and expectations, as determining factors in decisions to stay or emigrate.

Read full report here.

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IIED: City Note - Urban Solutions For Local Integration in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

February 2024

With recent political developments, refugees in Addis Ababa face numerous challenges in terms of livelihoods, basic services and protection. Their legal status remains a concern, as do government officials’ gaps in awareness about refugee rights and state obligations.

In Ethiopia, our study with IIED for the Protracted Displacement in Urban World project focussed on Eritrean refugees and hosts living in Addis Ababa and Eritrean refugees Semera Logia town and Aysaita camp. Quantitative surveys of 365 refugees and 153 hosts living in Gofa Mebrat Haile condominium, and 372 refugees in Semera Logia and 366 Asyaita camp were supplemented by 150 qualitative interviews in the three locations. The participatory forums were organised by research partners DICAC and MCMDO, with support from Samuel Hall and Cardiff University.

Discussions moved towards planning for city resourcing at a time of need, because allocations for refugees have been mainly targeted at camps, with very limited urban funding. Addis Ababa forum participants agree that hosting refugees requires human and financial/material capacity. This calls for a more holistic approach to urban displacement, starting in the capital and scaled across Ethiopia. The government’s Refugees and Returnees Service has committed to working more closely with city authorities. Participants committed to raising awareness among officials and civilians, and to involving both the host communities and refugees in the design of interventions.

Read here

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Samuel Hall
KNOMAD: Youth Migration & Development: A New Lens For Critical Times

January 2024

Supported by World Bank and its TWG on youth & migration co-chaired by OECD & UNDP; Samuel Hall's paper with KNOMAD, “Youth Migration & Development: A New Lens for Critical Times”, aims to empirically validate conclusions in KOMADs scoping paper produced in 2022.

With case studies from Columbia, Jordan, Kenya, Mexico, Pakistan, Senegal, Thailand and Tunisia, the study employed innovative qualitative research methods, filling crucial research gaps and re-conceptualising ‘youth’ and ‘migration’ through the perspectives of the young people.

Through this study, we aimed to better understand how youth migrant integration behaviour differs across age cohorts, gender, sexual orientation, religion, and countries of origin and between migrants and non-migrants.

Download here

Read our scoping paper from 2022 here

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JLMP: Access To Justice and Gender-Responsive Reporting Mechanisms for Migrant Workers- A practical Guide for State Authorities

The Joint Labour Migration Programme (JLMP) is a long-term joint initiative of the African Union, the International Labour Organization (ILO), the International Organization for Migration (IOM), and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) in coordination with relevant partners operating on the African continent, development cooperation actors, private sector organisations and civil society organisations (CSOs).

This Practical Guide offers instructions and a step-by-step process to develop a State-led accessible, rights-based and gender-responsive reporting mechanism for women and men migrant workers. It provides clear instructions for concerned State authorities to understand how to set up and run a State-led reporting mechanism that is gender-responsive and maximises safety and effectiveness. 

Moreover, this guide has been informed by and aligned with the main standard setting documents and frameworks on the subject, such as the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, AU Declaration on the Protection and Promotion of the Rights of Migrant Workers and the AU Guidelines on Developing Bilateral Labour Agreements (BLAs), as well as the African Union’s Migration Policy Framework for Africa (AU MPFA 2018-2030) and the United Nations Guiding principles on business and human rights. 

Read full report here.

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JLMP: Access to justice and reporting mechanisms for migrant workers: Assessment of Challenges and Opportunities across five JLMP Action Member States

Over 80 per cent of the labour migration flows of African nationals have been intraregional and occurred within the African continent. When it is well-governed, labour migration can provide many benefits to countries of origin and destination via economic growth, social and financial remittances, market development, and skills exchange. In the context of a surge of cross-country labour mobility, however, the risks for migrant workers to suffer discrimination and abuse also increase. 

Against this backdrop, and under the Catalytic Actions for the Joint Labour Migration Programme (JLMP Action), the African Union Commission (AUC), working with the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the International Labour Organization (ILO), is providing technical support to its Member States on improving access to justice and strengthening institutional mechanisms for migrant workers. 

The objective of this research was to map and identify the challenges that both migrant workers and national authorities may face when managing complaints to develop a sustainable, gender-responsive, and accessible reporting mechanism for both men and women migrant workers, in the five JLMP Action target Member States, namely Cameroun, Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Malawi, and Morocco, employing a human rights-based approach and gender lens.

Read full report here.

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WUSC: Situational Analysis Access to Secondary Education and Economic Activities of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Ethiopia

January 2024

Did you know that Ethiopia is experiencing a significant rise in internally displaced persons (IDPs), reaching a staggering 4.4 million by June 2023? 

The situation has worsened due to a prolonged drought, the far-reaching effects of the Covid-19 pandemic, and escalating tensions in northern Ethiopia. These factors have intensified health and socio-economic challenges, forcing thousands of households to relocate within the country's borders.

 In response to this, the Displaced and Refugee Youth Enabling Environment Mechanism (DREEM) project is working towards creating an inclusive environment for refugee and displaced youth, with a focus on empowering young women to fully engage in society.

 Samuel Hall conducted a situational analysis on IDPs in Ethiopia, focusing on their access to secondary education and economic opportunities. We found that challenges such as long distances to schools, overcrowded classrooms, language barriers, and poor hygienic conditions are daily obstacles. Innovative ICT-driven programs and structural initiatives like TVET, micro-credit opportunities, formal employment incentives, and infrastructure projects are essential.

Find out more of our findings and recommendations in our report.

Download here

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ADSP: Challenges Faced by Afghan Women and Children in Iran and Pakistan

December 2023

Samuel Hall collaborated with the Asia Displacement Solutions Platform (ADSP) to contribute to two significant research briefs addressing pressing issues Afghan communities face. The first, "Forced to Migrate: Afghan Women Waiting for Protection in Iran and Pakistan," explores the reduced protection space and obstacles confronting Afghan families in the same regions The second, "Afghan Children’s Access to Education in Iran and Pakistan," sheds light on the challenges experienced by Afghan girls in Iran and Pakistan post-2021 migration.

These research briefs are pivotal in understanding the complexities of education rights and forced migration challenges in these regions. Our studies emphasize the urgent need for international support and a rights-based response. A key recommendation emerging from our research is the call for increased global solidarity and responsibility sharing to address the rights of Afghan women, children, and families.

Read the briefing note on Forced to Migrate: Afghan Women Waiting for Protection in Iran and Pakistan, here

Read the briefing note on Afghan Children’s Access to Education in Iran and Pakistan here

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ILO: Ethical guidelines for research on child labour

January 2024

Samuel Hall, in partnership with the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine  have formulated Ethical Guidelines for Research on Child Labour, setting a new benchmark for safeguarding children's rights in research; funded by the United States Department of Labor.

The guidelines underscore the urgency of ethical considerations in researching child labour, emphasising a "do no harm" principle, informed consent, and the importance of respecting children's rights and dignity. 

Designed as a practical toolkit, the guidelines offer researchers clear methodologies for ethical decision-making, ensuring that the welfare of child participants is always prioritised.

Offering an ‘Ethical Checklist’ for all phases of the research; they serve as a compass guiding researchers through the ethical complexities of data collection, analysis, and dissemination, ensuring that the welfare of child participants is at the forefront.

These guidelines also offer a comprehensive toolkit for researchers, featuring decision trees -  to navigate consent processes in situations where obtaining consent may be complex. They also include strategies for anonymising data to protect children's identities while still allowing for impactful research outcomes.

These guidelines  aim to inspire a shift towards research methodologies that not only generate valuable insights but also protect and empower child participants. Read through these by clicking on the link and scroll through a summary of our ethical checklist during various phases of research. 

Read full report here.

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ILO: Ethical guidelines for research on forced labour

January 2024

Samuel Hall, in partnership with the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine  have formulated Ethical Guidelines for Research on Forced Labour, setting a new benchmark and framework for safeguarding forced migrants’ rights in research; funded by the United States Department of Labor.

The guidelines provide a clear framework for addressing the complex ethical considerations in forced labour research, focusing on informed consent, privacy, and harm reduction. They serve as a guide for ethical research practices, ensuring the protection and respect of participants within this sensitive area of study.

Offering an ‘Ethical Checklist’ for all phases of the research; they serve as a compass guiding researchers through the ethical complexities of data collection, analysis, and dissemination, ensuring that the welfare of child participants is at the forefront.

These guidelines serve as a toolkit for researchers, encapsulating decision trees, checklists, and strategies for ethical dilemmas. They are designed to inspire a shift towards methodologies that not only generate insights but also protect and empower participants, particularly those at risk of or affected by forced labour.

Read full report here.

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Equal Partnerships: Creating Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships to Address Urban Migration and Displacement in African Intermediary Cities

January 2024

African local governments are increasingly experiencing core issues of migration and displacement and their cities are directly impacted by (inter)national policies and (the absence of) funding flows. Nevertheless, national policymakers, international organizations and donors rarely consider local governments as relevant partners to address mixed migration. These cooperation gaps are problematic since human mobility plays an important role for African intermediary cities’ physical, social, and economic urban planning. Networked approaches could help bridging such cooperation gaps and breaking up policy silos. To explore opportunities and challenges of multi-stakeholder partnerships for urban migration governance the Equal Partnerships project organized participatory research, workshops, and networking formats with six cities in East, West and North Africa. This policy paper presents central recommendations for collaborative urban migration governance addressed to local and national governments, civil society, migrant and refugee associations, international organizations, private sector actors, and donors.

Read here

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Equal Partnerships: African Intermediary Cities as Actors and Partners in Urban Migration Governance. City Report: Sfax, Tunisa

November 2023

The Equal Partnerships project led by Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Centre for Human Rights Erlangen-Nürnberg, Research on Migration, Displacement, and Integration (MFI), United Cities and Local Governments of Africa (UCLG Africa), German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS) and Samuel Hall with support from Robert Bosch Stiftung explores the opportunities and challenges of collaborative, urban migration governance in African intermediary cities.

As part of this project, Samuel Hall developed a city report exploring urban migration governance in Sfax, Tunisia.

Tunisia’s second-largest city, Sfax is an important economic centre connecting the north and south of the country. While the city experiences rural-urban, inter-regional, and international migration; the  increasingly difficult socio-economic situation, financial constraints, gender dynamics, the absence of a national migration strategy as well as the politicisation of mobility issues has resulted in unique implications on migration dynamics in Sfax. 

To create an overview of activities, partnerships, and cooperation gaps, the Equal Partnerships project developed participatory field research and organised a local workshop with the support of the municipality of Sfax in January and February 2023. 

The case study situates Sfax in the national and regional migration context, presents the outcomes of the stakeholder mapping, identifies opportunities and challenges of cooperative action on migration and concludes with concrete policy recommendations for strengthening multi-stakeholder action on urban migration and displacement.

Read the city report here
Find other city reports, developed as part of this project here.

Read our policy paper here.

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Equal Partnerships: African Intermediary Cities as Actors and Partners in Urban Migration Governance. City Report: Garissa- Kenya

November 2023

The Equal Partnerships project led by Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Centre for Human Rights Erlangen-Nürnberg, Research on Migration, Displacement, and Integration (MFI), United Cities and Local Governments of Africa (UCLG Africa), German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS) and Samuel Hall with support from Robert Bosch Stiftung explores the opportunities and challenges of collaborative, urban migration governance in African intermediary cities.

As part of this project, Samuel Hall developed a city report exploring urban migration governance in Garissa, Kenya. Home to approximately 500,000 inhabitants, Garissa is a major economic hub. It holds significance in urban migration and displacement, especially in relation to regional conflicts, economic dynamics, climate change, and environmental decline.

 We  conducted a stakeholder mapping exercise to take stock of actors addressing migration and displacement . Further, to explore partnerships and cooperation gaps and opportunities, we conducted participatory field research with the county of Garissa and organised a local workshop in June 2022 and February 2023. Our research found that multiple actors cooperate on migration and displacement-related issues. 

This report presents the outcomes of the stakeholder mapping, identifies opportunities and challenges of cooperative action on migration, and concludes with concrete policy recommendations for strengthening multi-stakeholder partnerships to address migration in the urban context.

Read the city report here

Find other city reports developed as part of this project here.

Read our policy paper here.

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MMCC: A Social Circus in Afghanistan - Building Courage & Growth in Afghan Children, Youth and their Communities

October 2023

This year, Samuel Hall embarked on identifying interventions to scale and sustain in Afghanistan. What are initiatives that can be sustained, in a context of limited funding and widespread need? Our team found that social circuses are the right answer to building alternative education pathways, particularly for underserved communities, and social cohesion across Afghanistan.

Founded in 2002, The Mobile Mini-Circus for Children (MMCC). MMCC and its local partner, the Afghan Educational Children’s Circus (AECC) has expanded into a countrywide education program focusing on teaching children to lead.

The MMCC is a reflection of what children in Afghanistan need today – a society that is suffering its most urgent humanitarian crisis as of the fall of Kabul in August 2021 and lacking in resources for both education and entertainment. It is also a reflection of what could have been in Afghanistan for the last 20 years, and the potential of what could be in the future.

Samuel Hall’s pro-bono evaluation of Mobile Mini Circus for Children measured its impact across various areas. We found that through its activities, MMCC has created an impact by empowering and encouraging youth leadership; inclusion & integration of Displaced Communities; facilitating trust and community building  and encouraging inclusive and safe spaces for young girls and women

Download Full Evaluation Here
Download Factsheets
Here

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UNICEF Innocenti - As They Move: Child and Youth Experiences of Migration, Displacement and Return in Afghanistan

October 2023

What has happened to the thousands of children who fled Afghanistan since the fall of Kabul 2021, and what awaits those forced to return? At Samuel Hall, we have been documenting post-return outcomes for 14 years. This latest collaboration with UNICEF Innocenti seeks to amplify the voices of Afghan children who recount difficult journeys, hardship, and neglect as well as resilience.

Thousands of Afghan children have been forced to return to Afghanistan to a situation either similar to or worse than the one they left. One 17-year-old boy we spoke to said, “To me, coming back to Afghanistan means struggling with life and living a poor life because there are no employment opportunities and a proper governance system to support you.”

Samuel Hall led the data collection at one of the most challenging times in the country’s history - after the fall of Kabul - and a team of scholars authored the final report. Our combined efforts underscore the urgent need for child-sensitive interventions and a call to uphold the rights of Afghan child migrants, first and foremost as children who need access to safer pathways both in and out of Afghanistan. No child, no adult, should be forced to return to Afghanistan at this time. UNHCR has made clear that those who do not wish to return to Afghanistan should not be forced to return.

Download Full Report Here

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IOM, UNICEF, WFP, UNHCR, NRC: Documentation and Legal Identity in Afghanistan

August 2023

Access to legal identity is essential for Afghans to overcome mobility and protection challenges. Yet, the majority of Afghans do not possess passports or other vital civil documents like tazkiras. Since August 2021, it has become even harder to obtain identification and civil registration documents due to rising costs, office closures, staff shortages, and confusing procedures.

To assess the current civil documentation and identity management landscape in Afghanistan and provide actionable recommendations to enhance the protection of all Afghans across the country, Samuel Hall worked with the International Organization for Migration,UNICEF, WFP, UNHCR, and NRC and the Interagency Working Group on Legal Identity (TWG) to publish a research study that provides the latest updates on this issue of rights in Afghanistan. 

The study investigated civil documentation and identity management in Afghanistan, with a focus on accessibility to essential services and the acceptance of legal documents within Afghan society. It also aimed to identify opportunities for addressing these challenges and supporting the Afghan population.

Download Executive Summary Here

Download Full Report Here

Download Research Brief here

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